![]() 11) A gesture control app (GameWave App, GW, v 1.5.2) was used to recognize the motion of a finger and hand as a gesture, which has a meaning, and convert it into input information to the computer. Gesture recognition from the captured motion was performed by the drivers that came with the device rather than by the device itself. The controller was connected to the computer using a universal serial bus connection and was placed in front of the keyboard ( Fig. 10) The cost of the device is approximately $70. The controller can track motion with an accuracy of 1.2 mm in all directions. ![]() 8, 9) The LMC has a maximum field view of 150° and can update positional information up to 200 times per second. 7) This device uses three infrared structured lights to create a three-dimensional depth map of the scene. LMC (Leap Motion) is a gesture-controlled input device that converts the motion of fingers or hands into input signals. The goal of this study was to compare the time taken and subjective user experience for manipulating PACS in ORs using the above three methods. In this study, tests were conducted to compare the LMC-GW to the other two conventional methods of controlling PACS in an OR: (1) direct control of a mouse by the surgeon himself or herself (2) giving verbal instructions to another person to control the mouse and PACS and (3) direct control of LMC-GW by the surgeon himself/herself. 6) As the combination of LMC and GW (LMC-GW) has more advantages over the other touchless devices, 1) we hypothesized that once the LMC-GW is introduced to surgeons, they would learn to use it in less than 1 hour and prefer to use it to computers, without taking off surgical suits. One of touchless devices has been found to be easy enough to get familiar with in a short time in a previous study. 1) However, because of the low popularity and unfamiliarity with touchless input devices compared to that of touch-based input devices, the introduction of touchless input devices has been very limited in medical facilities. Among them, the combination of Leap Motion Controller (LMC Leap Motion, San Francisco, CA, USA) and GameWave (GW, GameWave App, v 1.5.6, Manage, Belgium) was found to be suitable for the OR environment because it is inexpensive, easy to install, and requires a small working space. To date, several touchless input devices have been applied in ORs. 5, 6)Ī touchless input device can be a good candidate to solve this problem since a surgeon can use the computer directly without any physical contact. When they are not familiar with the anatomical structures, errors frequently occur and extra time is required for correcting control and measurement. ![]() Furthermore, when the available personnel are inexperienced in PACS, even the simple controls have to be explained verbally. ![]() 6) Alternatively, a request for assistance is made to personnel (nurses or resident doctors) outside the operation field, but there is a limitation in the number of personnel available in an OR. However, this is not recommended because its installation and use are inconvenient and can actually increase contamination risk. ![]() 1, 4, 5)Ī sterilized cover is placed on the mouse to avoid the risk of contamination. However, due to bacterial contamination for most of touch-based input devices such as a mouse, keyboard, and touch screen, the advancement of computer information technology could not fully maximize its potential in operating rooms (ORs) where the surgeons have to be in a sterilized condition. 1, 2, 3) Digitization/storage/transmission of images, high-resolution display output, and large amount of computer information processing capability have given birth to the picture archiving and communication system (PACS), which has significantly increased temporal and spatial accessibility compared to the time when medical images were visualized through films. The advancement of computer information technology has increased the accessibility to medical image information within hospital. ![]()
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